With the construction and development of smart RFID hospitals, advanced medical equipment continues to emerge, and the number of hospital fixed assets is getting larger and larger. Under the original fixed asset management mode, the difficulty of asset inventory is increasing. It has fully analyzed the difficult problems, demands and the current situation of the hospital, sorted out many disadvantages of the original system, carried out research and demonstration on the characteristics, advantages and industrial applications of RFID technology, designed the implementation process of RFID contactless mobile fixed assets inventory management system in combination with the established system of the hospital, explored the methods and specific implementation steps to solve the difficult problems, Summarize the benefits brought to hospital fixed assets management by the construction of this system.
1. Introduction
With the development of smart hospital construction and the landing and application of 5g wireless network technology and Internet of things technology, according to the overall requirements of the state for the hospital informatization construction goals and progress specifications, the original fixed assets management methods of the hospital are increasingly unable to meet the requirements of management. In particular, with the continuous development of the hospital, the purchase of advanced technology and medical facilities to improve the competitiveness of the hospital has made the number of fixed assets of the hospital more and more large, and the asset inventory work more and more difficult.
Asset inventory is an indispensable and important link in financial management. It plays the role of checking the physical objects and books of assets, reflecting the real state of assets, verifying on-site and supervising asset management. According to the requirements of state-owned assets management, the hospital conducts a comprehensive inventory of fixed assets at least once a year. However, the traditional fixed assets management methods and inventory methods can no longer meet the needs of the daily management of fixed assets. It is urgent to implement the modern intelligent management of fixed assets to achieve the purpose of fine and standardized management.
2. Current situation of the hospital
In 2015, Tai'an Central Hospital cooperated with a company to carry out the construction of the comprehensive operation management platform project, including the logistics management system, fixed assets management system and human resources management system, which improved the hospital's resource management ability, standardized the management process and promoted the implementation of the hospital's refinement. However, with the development of smart hospitals, there are many disadvantages in the current fixed assets management system: ① there are many departments, many types and many quantities, and it is impossible to complete the batch inventory, which is time-consuming. ② In order to prevent cross infection, special departments such as operating room, intensive care unit, intensive care unit, etc. cannot enter at will during normal work, so it is difficult to check assets. ③ Low control efficiency and weak supervision. Due to the limitations of the bar code itself, the two-dimensional code is easy to be stained, can be copied, and needs to be accurately aligned. A large number of manual operations are still required to complete the management of the equipment. ④ In actual operation, equipment that prints duplicate or missing codes often appears for various reasons, which makes it difficult to find and locate, and requires a lot of time and manpower to check. ⑤ The tag function is backward, unable to realize the interconnection of things, unable to connect with the hospital data platform, and unable to access the equipment management related data for economic operation analysis.
Therefore, it is urgent to explore quick and effective intelligent asset management methods. It is very important for fixed asset management to introduce an intelligent mobile fixed asset inventory and traceability system based on the Internet of things, and realize the interconnection of the Internet of things by using the fixed asset barcode technology and RFID technology.
3. Basis and advantages of RFID contactless mobile fixed assets inventory management system
Definition of RFID Technology
RFID (radio frequency identification) is a non-contact automatic identification technology. It automatically identifies the target object and obtains relevant data through radio frequency signals. The identification work does not require manual intervention, and can work in various harsh environments. The basic working principle of RFID technology is that after the tag enters the magnetic field, it receives the RF signal sent by the interpreter, and sends the product information (passive tag, passive tag or passive tag) stored in the chip with the energy obtained by the induced current, or actively sends a signal of a certain frequency (active tag, active tag or active tag); The interpreter reads and decodes the information and sends it to the central information system for relevant data processing.
Advantages of RFID Technology
Easy to read, automatic identification of long-distance and large flow, no manual barcode brushing; Data reading is "contact free" and no light source is required.
Fast identification: once the electronic tag enters the identification place, the card reader can read the information in it instantly, and can process multiple electronic tags at the same time to realize batch identification.
It is difficult to forge and has strong security. The electronic tag number is unique and cannot be changed. It can also set password protection for the reading and writing of stored data.
Strong penetration and environmental resistance RFID can read labels through non-metallic materials such as mud, dirt, paint, oil, wood, cement, plastic, water and steam during identification, without direct contact with the carrier, and has strong penetration.
Long service life and wide application range the system uses passive RFID ultra-high frequency technology to realize non-contact, fast and convenient reading of fixed assets information without opening the cabinet and unpacking, thus realizing one-to-one rapid inventory and query of fixed assets, especially for the fixed assets that are not visible outside the line of sight, avoiding repeated inventory or wrong inventory, and improving the efficiency and quality of asset inventory.
RFID industry application and practice research status at present, radio frequency identification technology (RFID) is developing very rapidly at home and abroad. There are many kinds of software and hardware products related to RFID, which are widely used in transportation control management, commercial automation, industrial automation, identity identification, anti-counterfeiting, asset management, information statistics, security control and document tracking / library management. The key to the application and development of RFID system is the electronic tag. The technology of passive RFID is more mature and its application is more extensive. The electronic tag itself receives the microwave signal of the RFID reader(click here) to provide its own short-term power supply.
In foreign countries, many integrated circuit manufacturers are committed to developing smaller and cheaper RFID chips. Domestic integrated circuit manufacturers have also been able to develop their own and approach the international advanced level. The future development trend of RFID chips will be that the chip has a longer operating distance, faster reading and writing speed, and the cost will continue to decrease.
In the field of fixed asset management, RFID technology has been widely used. Hospitals with advanced information technology in China have paid attention to the application of RFID technology. Unlike traditional tag technology, RFID technology can be used as a bridge between fixed assets and information systems, and can effectively integrate fixed assets and information systems, so as to achieve the real-time synchronization and consistency of physical information and system information. In the medical field, RFID technology has been used for the tracking management of surgical equipment and disinfection supply, as well as the process management of medical equipment in and out of the warehouse, application, depreciation, inventory, maintenance and scrapping. The wireless radio frequency identification technology solves the problems that the hospital medical equipment cannot be acquired in real time, the medical equipment is scattered in different departments, and the mobile equipment management is difficult. In general, there are few cases of using RFID technology for hospital level asset inventory management. Therefore, in the face of the huge workload of the medical industry, it is urgent to explore and study new management methods, equip intelligent equipment, and use information means to solve the current problems of difficult inventory, high pressure, and chaotic management due to large assets.
4. Method discussion
The hospital mobile fixed assets inventory and tracing system is an important part of the construction of the hospital fixed assets management system, and its construction planning needs to pay attention to the overall planning and top-level design. Under the framework of the overall digital construction and fixed assets management of the hospital. The integration with the existing fixed assets management information system shall be fully considered in the planning, so as to ensure the data consistency in the later system construction.
Make full use of existing resources to develop and integrate the RFID mobile fixed assets inventory system based on the original fixed assets management system, using information technology, mobile technology, bar code technology and radio frequency identification (RFID) technology.
First of all, all the fixed assets of the hospital shall be comprehensively upgraded. The original tags shall be upgraded and the tags with RFID core and printable integration shall be updated. At the same time, the mobile UPS power supply, network transmission, mobile workstation, label printer, RFID card issuer, bar code gun, high-speed camera, etc. can be integrated through the mobile identification cart to realize the intelligent mobile cart inventory. During asset inventory, the mobile cart can be sent to the site for inventory, information improvement, labeling, RFID matching, etc. the mobile cart can improve the efficiency of label upgrading and inventory, and prevent asset identification problems caused by asset movement.
The integrated location tag with RFID chip can be printed and identified by floor or room to facilitate the automatic identification of the location information of the current area and the recording and analysis of asset location changes during RFID induction inventory of mobile equipment.
The step-by-step implementation of fixed assets construction involves a wide range of areas and follows the principle of unified planning and step-by-step implementation. Taking into account the overall planning of the hospital, capital investment, etc., and taking a step-by-step implementation plan according to the needs of different levels of management. First, focus on departments with great difficulty in inventory, such as operating room, monitoring room and other important departments; Secondly, focus on the departments with more assets, such as laboratory and pathology.
Identify the newly purchased assets. When the new fixed assets are accepted, the mobile identification vehicle can be pushed to the acceptance site for work, retrieve the contract information, take photos of the acceptance equipment, scan the code, print and make Internet of things labels, scan the manufacturer's relevant acceptance sheets and certificates, and print the standard acceptance report on the spot.
Special labels are used for endoscopes, surgical instruments and other special assets. Endoscopic assets need to be cleaned and disinfected regularly. Ordinary RFID tags(more info) are not applicable to such assets, and special fixed labels that can be cleaned and protected against corrosion are required to ensure the effectiveness of the labels in the process of large-scale cleaning and disinfection.
Fully connect with the financial and financial asset management systems to establish a standard data import format that can be connected with the financial reporting system. After the system enters and exits, the standard format can be automatically generated and imported for submission; Establish the connection with financial vouchers. The voucher information generated by the asset system, such as receipt, delivery, transfer and depreciation, can be automatically pushed to the financial system to avoid manual repetitive entry, improve multi department collaboration efficiency and reduce errors.
The construction of intelligent inventory function is to set the cycle and scope of this inventory on the system, download the asset data to the mobile inventory car system or PDA through the network, and conduct regional and batch induction inventory, accurately locate, clearly record and analyze the data, so as to improve the inventory efficiency. In the process of counting with mobile counting vehicle or PDA, the counting area can be obtained by inductive RFID geographical location tag or by manual selection. Confirm the counting area, and the asset data of this area will be presented on the system. After the inventory is started, the asset with RFID chip in this area will be sensed and the system will automatically mark the asset with the "checked" mark. If there are assets in the counting area that do not belong to this location, the system obtains the asset information through the sensing chip, and can automatically analyze the change of asset location. If the assets originally in the counting area are not sensed, it is necessary to confirm whether there are asset borrowing and movement. If there is an asset change, it will be processed after reaching the end point of asset movement; If not, check the label of the physical object and consider whether to replace it. If the physical object is not found, mark the temporary missing mark on the system. Under the condition that RFID asset tags are basically complete, all fixed assets within the management range have a unique tag. The asset inventory system reflects the existence of fixed assets by sensing the presence of RFID tags. During the inventory process, it constantly improves asset information and updates asset changes.
5. Effect of RFID contactless mobile fixed assets inventory management system
The whole process tracking of fixed assets uses two-dimensional bar codes and passive ultra high frequency (UHF) electronic labels to identify the media of fixed assets, so as to realize the whole process tracking of the life cycle and use status of fixed assets.
During the daily management of the identified assets, the most prominent feature of the two-dimensional barcode technology is one-to-one code scanning: it is convenient, fast and accurate, easy to track and trace, greatly improving the efficiency of the inventory work, and ensuring the correspondence between the information flow and the real logistics of the assets. Realize the synchronous operation of logistics, capital flow and information flow of multi department coordination, and achieve information sharing. At the same time, the bar code technology is used for fixed assets management, which effectively solves the problems of inconsistent accounts, cards and objects, unclear assets, unclear equipment, idle waste and asset loss in asset management, provides comprehensive, reliable and efficient dynamic data and decision-making basis for hospital asset management, realizes information, standardized and standardized management of asset management, and comprehensively improves the efficiency and management level of hospital financial management.
The intelligent mobile inventory adopts the inventory cart, uses the wireless network, introduces the electronic tag and service management system, establishes the inventory management combining offline and online modes, and can upload and download the asset data through the certified WiFi wireless LAN or Internet, so that the financial and asset management personnel can understand the fixed asset information at any time and anywhere. The mobile inventory cart can scan the RFID fixed asset tags in batch, and perform location The multi-dimensional integrated automatic batch operation of departments, assets, and inventors truly realizes the seamless link between the intelligent mobile terminal and the background management system.
Improve asset monitoring capability after the implementation of RFID contactless mobile fixed assets inventory management system, on the basis of the realization of IOT, the system is connected with his, LIS, PACS, integrated platform, etc., and the whole process is connected with the asset management data, which improves the asset monitoring capability and effectively extracts the equipment operation information, including installation, income, expenditure, use times, maintenance times, daily maintenance, etc, Fully grasp the use of equipment, conduct electronic fence early warning and anti-theft management for the identified assets, and provide real data support for equipment benefit analysis.
The real-time intelligent asset management system connects the financial and financial systems through the centralized management operation mode, including financial reporting, voucher interface, budget management interface, etc., and integrates the asset, financial and business management departments, aiming to establish a unified, effective and real-time intelligent asset management system.
In short, the implementation of RFID contactless mobile fixed assets inventory management system will comprehensively improve the efficiency and management level of hospital asset management, and provide comprehensive, reliable and efficient dynamic data and decision-making basis for hospital economic operation analysis. It has laid a good foundation for the construction of hospital intelligent management system.
More info of mart RFID hospitals tags:
http://www.oprfid.com/RFID-Use-in-Hospitals-to-Rise-Despite-Obstacles.html
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After more than 20 years of hard development, UHF RFID technology has become one of the core technologies of the Internet of things, with an annual shipment of 20billion. In this process, China has gradually become a major producer of UHF RFID card/tag products. With the strong support of the state for the development of the Internet of things, the industrial application and the whole ecosystem have developed very rapidly.
The development of wireless technology is not only related to the technology itself, but also to the promotion of the whole market and industry. Due to the lack of support from the ecological chain, countless excellent technologies and products failed to form a joint force and finally withdrew. However, in the past 20 years, UHF RFID technology has become an indispensable part of the Internet of things. Analyze the whole UHF RFID industry chain, including the upstream and downstream ecological conditions of the whole industry chain, cost analysis, core enterprises, and analyze the main application fields. The UHF RFID industry market will be analyzed, including industry shipments and development trends.
Analysis of UHF RFID industry chain
UHF RFID technology is a typical Internet of things technology, so it has the characteristics of application fragmentation. Enterprises in the whole industrial chain also build their own products and core competitiveness around the final application. Therefore, some enterprises in the whole industrial chain are 100% engaged in UHF RFID products and projects, while some enterprises only have a small part of their business related to UHF RFID. When analyzing the UHF RFID industry chain, we should not only analyze the industry chain driven by upstream and downstream enterprises, but also analyze the industry chain driven by industry applications.
Upstream and downstream analysis of UHF RFID industry chain
With the rapid development of China's economy, China has gradually become the main producer of UHF card/tag products since 2010, followed by the gradual shift of the UHF RFID industry chain to the Chinese market. Coupled with the state's support for the development of the Internet of things, a large number of UHF RFID R & D and manufacturing enterprises have taken root in China, and at the same time, they have given birth to the development of industrial applications and the whole ecosystem, thus establishing a complete industrial chain ecosystem.
1. Industrial chain classification
We divide the whole industrial chain into three parts: upstream, midstream and downstream:
Upstream of the industrial chain: label chip companies, label antenna companies and packaging equipment companies form the label part of the upstream of the industrial chain; Reader chip companies and electronic component companies form the reader part of the upstream of the industrial chain.
Midstream of the industrial chain: midstream enterprises use the products provided by upstream enterprises of the industrial chain to develop the final hardware that can be used directly and provide it to the market. Special label company provides special labels realized by SIP packaging of label chip; The label production company provides dry inlay produced by the label chip and label antenna through the packaging equipment at one time. It can also use the packaging equipment to further process dry inlay into wet inlay, white label and finished product label; Reader companies develop reader modules and fixed readers by using special reader chips or other solutions; Handset manufacturers develop handheld readers by combining reader modules with reader antennas; Reader antenna manufacturers provide a variety of reader antennas to match industry applications.
Downstream of the industrial chain: solutions companies integrate products in the middle of the industrial chain, cooperate with software to form solutions, which are provided by integrators to end users for implementation.
Although it seems from the figure that enterprises in the industrial chain perform their respective duties, in fact, many enterprises have carried out "cross-border" integration. For example, a large number of enterprises in the midstream of the industrial chain participate in the solution and integrate downward. Some enterprises in the upstream of the industrial chain will also penetrate into the midstream or downstream of the industrial chain to realize the integration of the whole industrial chain. The main reason is that whoever masters the downstream of the industrial chain can decide the type selection of products, thus affecting the enterprises in the upstream and midstream of the industrial chain. There are also cases of downstream to midstream and upstream expansion in the industrial chain, mainly because it is convenient to control management and reduce costs. For example, logistics companies set up their own handset departments, power companies set up their own chip design departments, etc.
In terms of technical difficulty, chip companies in the upper reaches of the industrial chain have the greatest technical difficulty, followed by reader module development. Special tags and customized reader antennas also need a certain amount of technical strength, and the solution requires system experience and software development ability. The production and manufacturing of ordinary tags in the whole industrial chain has relatively low requirements for technology.
Card/tag products and reader products in UHF RFID (860-960mhz card) market are two completely different industrial chains. Ordinary label products have low cost, high degree of standardization, and pay attention to production links. The reader and writer products are characterized by high technical threshold, high degree of customization and focus on solutions.
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Now is the era of science and technology. With the development of commodity economy, most of our products now need labels to identify, just like RFID small rfid reader writer buy online. This is an accurate scanning technology, which can be scanned without physical contact. Nowadays, the development of e-commerce has promoted the rapid development of e-commerce logistics, and the requirements for logistics warehousing technology and tracking technology are becoming higher and higher.
RFID connection is radio frequency identification technology, which is mainly used for automatic identification of radio frequency signals. It mainly includes RFID reader writer, electronic tags and antennas. RFID system mainly includes application system, reader writer and response system. RFID is another new technology based on smart card and bar code technology. There is no central processing unit outside RFID, only very simple password protection, and the capacity is not large. However, RFID costsless than smart cards, so RFID technology is widely used in logistics systems.
Application advantages of RFID in intelligent storage:
To realize the digital construction of stored goods, traditional warehouse management usually involves manual inventory of goods data, and then record it in paper documents or input it into the computer for data sorting. The whole process is basically carried out through manual visual inspection, which has the disadvantages of slow data recording speed, low accuracy and large consumption of human resources. In addition, the process of goods warehousing, outbound and warehouse transfer needs to be handled manually and timely, which is prone to data management problems.
Desketop RFID Reader Writer
In the process of RFID intelligent storage, each goods or goods pallet is assigned with RFID tags, which greatly improves the storage accuracy of goods in the warehouse. The warehouse keeper does not need to sort the whole stack of goods, but only needs the supporting special equipment to accurately track the goods in all links of goods warehousing management. It is easy to solve the problem that it is difficult to distinguish commodity classification, commodity model and commodity batch in the warehouse.
In addition, compared with traditional barcode, RFID belongs to mobile electronic storage media, and the information of RFID tag is stored in the tag. During this process, if the label is damaged or worn, it will not affect the reading of label data.
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Warehousing has always played the most important role in the logistics system. With the rapid development of modern logistics, higher requirements have been put forward for warehouse operations such as ex warehouse, warehousing, shift, inventory and goods query. In RFID system, antennas are divided into two categories: electronic tag antenna and reader / writer antenna, which are responsible for receiving energy and transmitting energy respectively. The characteristics of UHF RFID Desktop Reader/Writer is: small enough to be attached to the required items; Have omnidirectional or hemispherical coverage directionality; Capable of providing possible signals to the chip of the tag; Regardless of the direction of the object, the polarization of the antenna can match the query signal of the card reader; Robust; cheapness. Moreover, the manual identification of cargo information is not only inefficient and prone to errors, but also has a large workload. The ultimate goal of building an intelligent warehouse management system is to finally realize the unification of information flow and real logistics in enterprise warehouse management through the introduction of effective technical means, and realize real-time visual intelligent warehouse management.
The application of radio frequency identification (RFID) can fundamentally solve the above problems. Based on radio frequency identification (RFID) technology and according to the actual situation and needs of warehouse management, Hangzhou Dongshi technology has developed an RFID intelligent warehouse management system.
RFID is the abbreviation of radio frequency identification. It is a non-contact automatic identification technology. RFID can be traced back to the Second World War (about 1940). At that time, its main function was to distinguish the enemy from the British aircraft. In recent years, with the development of large-scale integrated circuit, network communication, information security and other technologies, as well as the promotion of Wal Mart, the world's leading retailer, Long Distance Desktop Reader/Writer has been rapidly applied to smart grid, transportation, logistics industry, medical health, fine agriculture and animal husbandry, finance and service industry, industry and automatic control, smart home, environment and security detection, public security, national defense, smart city and other industries and fields. RFID is to automatically identify the target object and obtain relevant data through RF signals. It is mainly composed of electronic tag, reader and antenna. Tags are composed of coupling elements (also known as antennas) and chips. Each tag has an electronic code (EPC), and the chip can store specific serial numbers and other information. The reader is the bridge between the tag and the software system. On the one hand, it reads the tag information, and on the other hand, it communicates the reading results with the software system. The antenna exists in the tag and reader and is responsible for data transmission from the tag chip to the reader and then to the software system.
RFID technology is divided into low frequency, high frequency, ultra-high frequency, active, etc. RFID technology has the characteristics of non-contact, fast scanning, high identification efficiency, not easy to be damaged, suitable for harsh environment, convenient operation, fast reading and writing speed, large amount of information storage, multi-purpose one card, anti-collision, good security encryption performance, reusability, tracking and positioning, etc.
As a composite equipment integrating software and hardware, desktop uhf rfid reader/writer with usb products are constantly upgraded with the development of software, hardware and communication technology. With the development of related technologies and the continuous enrichment of application scenarios, printable, barcode scanning, fingerprint identification, IC card reading, GPS positioning and other functions came into being, and the functions and convenience are also increasing day by day. Digital assigning system) is another common electronic label application method, and the electronic version is omitted below. According to this information, sorting operations can be carried out quickly. Like DPS, DAS can also work in multiple areas to improve efficiency. The use of electronic labels in logistics distribution can effectively improve the delivery efficiency and adapt to various harsh operation requirements, especially in the distribution of scattered goods. They are widely used in chain distribution, drug circulation and logistics of frozen goods, clothing, clothing, audio-visual products. When the goods are stored in each link of the warehouse, the relevant information is automatically collected and recorded. The effective management of the goods packaging operation reduces the loss. The record of product quality in each production process, the rapid replacement of electronic labels, and the simple and rapid realization of products.
By using RFID technology, improve the efficiency of warehouse management and provide the accuracy of WMS system data. The main objectives are as follows:
Reduce human operation leakage, improve management level and reduce potential safety hazards;
Real time data acquisition, keeping the consistency of items and records in time;
Reliable and stable data acquisition and accurate data;
The statements are manually sorted and summarized and then completed by computer;
Improve the efficiency of data management, timely register the detailed accounts of various safety tools and instruments, and achieve the consistency of accounts, materials and cards;
The system is flexible and has expansion function;
The system is practical and easy to operate for users with different levels of professional quality.
At the same time, at this stage, RFID technology can help enterprises open up the data link between product market demand and supply side, and help enterprises achieve faster market response. In RFID system, antennas are divided into two categories: RFID tag manufacturer and reader / writer antenna, which are responsible for receiving energy and transmitting energy respectively. The characteristics of RFID reader/writer are: small enough to be attached to the required items; Have omnidirectional or hemispherical coverage directionality; Capable of providing possible signals to the chip of the tag; Regardless of the direction of the object, the polarization of the antenna can match the query signal of the rfid tag reader; Robust; cheapness. Electronic pallet and warehouse location management, realizing the electronization of pallet and warehouse location, is the basis of realizing visual and intelligent warehouse management.
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At present, the increase of vehicles has become a key control problem for many units. In the past, the gate guard or the management office used to use paper vehicle passes for the management of frequently accessed vehicles. Although this method has the advantage of simple production of vehicle passes, its disadvantages are obvious, and it is unable to realize intelligent and information collection. RFID technology is to bind the identity (unique ID) of RFID electronic tag on the vehicle, and record the vehicle access status in the database system in real time. RFID technology collects the non-contact information of long-distance moving targets, and the system implements automatic management by identifying the collected information. RFID technology has become an important means of building "harmonious traffic"
Characteristics and advantages of RFID technology for vehicle identification
The application of RFID technology to automatic vehicle identification has been relatively mature in foreign countries, mainly because RFID technology has the characteristics that are more suitable for automatic vehicle identification.
Anti counterfeiting: each RFID tag has a unique ID number in the world, which cannot be modified. Therefore, RFID technology has unparalleled anti-counterfeiting performance. In addition to the ID number, there is also a part of the data area in the RFID tag. If necessary, some data information can be written. The vehicle number plate and license information can be encrypted and written into this area, which also has high anti-counterfeiting characteristics. Through the inspection of passing vehicles by the reader writer, it is easy to identify vehicles with false certificates or illegal ones.
Anti borrowing: since the vehicle number plate information can be encrypted and written into the label, and the information in the system database can be called, whether a vehicle has the right to use the vehicle license (i.e. electronic label) can be identified, so as to prevent the phenomenon of vehicle license borrowing, and achieve the unification of license, vehicle or license, vehicle and driver.
Anti theft use: if a vehicle license is accidentally lost, it can not only judge whether a vehicle has the right to use the license from the unity of the license number and license by the above means, but also invalidate the license by reporting the loss of the owner. Once a vehicle attempts to get in and out by using the lost license, it can be identified.
Anti disassembly: each electronic tag is attached with an anti disassembly function. Once it is disassembled after installation, the electronic tag will not work, so as to avoid the reuse or other use of the electronic tag after it is disassembled, ensure the one-to-one relationship between the electronic tag and the identified vehicle, and play the real marking role of the electronic tag.
At present, the automatic vehicle identification system adopts RFID technology of different frequency bands, including 5.8GHz, 2.45GHz and 960MHz. The active 2.45GHz electronic tag and the passive 960MHz electronic tag are the two main camps. The 960MHz passive tag can easily identify more than 10 meters (the distance is controllable). The technology is mature, the card is thin and diverse, easy to carry, and the card cost is low. It can be integrated with other systems; Long service life, strong directionality, obvious cost advantage, good maintainability, easy to be accepted by users, which is conducive to market promotion. The sensing area is relatively controllable. The card is inserted in the appropriate position of the windshield with a card holder, which can fully meet the requirements of non-stop traffic. The car membrane will reduce the card reading distance but will not affect the normal identification traffic. At present, the 2.45GHz active tag is under the control of non motor vehicles (electric vehicles), which can meet the positioning requirements. The 2.4G active electronic tag has a service life of 2-3 years. The battery or card needs to be replaced. Compared with UHF, it is cumbersome. Different frequency band technologies have their own advantages.
At present, the intelligent traffic management system uses a number of technologies, mainly including RFID technology, image recognition technology, data encryption technology, multi-sensor information fusion technology, computer and network technology and other international and domestic leading technical means. It takes the RFID electronic label and traditional license plate installed on the vehicle as the information source, and the system management platform and data server as the operation center to quickly understand the vehicle information, It greatly reduces the cost of traffic inspection, improves the efficiency of inspection, and realizes targeted and humanized civilized traffic supervision, which is a powerful and important means to build "harmonious traffic".
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With the gradual development of cold chain logistics, more and more attention has been paid to the effective combination of RFID technology and cold chain logistics Refrigerated and frozen goods are always required to be in the specified low temperature environment in all links of production, storage, transportation and sales to ensure the quality and performance of goods, so strict temperature management is often required in the logistics process.
The application of RFID technology can master the quantity and location of frozen products in the supply chain, timely pick up and replenish goods, and provide traceability information support for food safety review Cold chain logistics refers to a systematic project that refrigerated / frozen food is always in the specified low temperature environment in all links of production, transportation, storage and sales, so as to ensure food quality and reduce food consumption. Refrigerated and frozen goods are different from general goods. Refrigerated and frozen goods should be kept in a low temperature state in all links of production, processing, storage, transportation and sales. The main application fields of cold chain logistics are as follows: (1) primary agricultural products, such as fruits and vegetables, meat, poultry and eggs, aquatic products and flower products; (2) Processed food, such as frozen food Ice cream and dairy products; (3) Special commodities, such as drugs, biological donors and blood. According to the definition of cold chain logistics, cold chain logistics includes four links, and each link should be seamlessly connected, otherwise the cold chain will break. The application scale of the industry continues to expand, which has enriched and improved the theory of RFID technology. In particular, Wal Mart, the world's leading retailer, announced that RFID is widely used and the U.S. military announced that military supplies use RFID for identification and tracking, which has greatly promoted the research and application of RFID technology. RFID radio frequency identification is a non-contact automatic identification technology. It automatically identifies the target object and obtains relevant data through radio frequency signals. The identification work does not need manual intervention, and can work in various harsh environments. RFID technology can identify high-speed moving objects and multiple tags at the same time, which is fast and convenient to operate. Short distance RF products are not afraid of harsh environments such as oil feed and dust pollution. They can replace bar codes in such environments, and the recognition rate is higher than that of general electronic bar codes. RFID system consists of three basic parts, namely electronic tag, reader and antenna. The electronic tag is attached to the object to identify the target object and is used to store the relevant information of the goods. The electronic tag has the characteristics of waterproof, antimagnetic and high temperature resistance, long service life and large reading distance. In addition, the data on the tag can be encrypted, the storage capacity is larger, and the stored information can be changed freely; The reader is a device for reading or writing tag information, which can be designed as a handheld or fixed type. The reader and the electronic tag can transmit information to each other according to the agreed communication protocol. Generally, the reader and writer send commands to the electronic tag, and the electronic tag will send back the identification data in the memory to the reader and writer according to the received command of the reader and writer. The reading distance of the reader varies from 0 to 100m; An antenna is a device that transmits RF signals between a tag and a reader.
RFID is an important force to promote the development of precision agriculture in the next few years. Record crop and field management information, such as soil pH, temperature and humidity, sunshine, rainfall, pesticide use, etc., to achieve scientific and accurate planting. The process of precooling after picking and before loading fruits and vegetables, quickly removing the field heat from the freshly harvested products before transportation, storage or processing, and reducing their temperature to the appropriate temperature. Precooling can remove field heat, rapidly reduce product temperature, control physiological and biochemical changes of fruits and vegetables after harvest, reduce respiration, and reduce the loss of water and nutrients. In order to maintain the fresh quality of fruits and vegetables and extend the shelf life to the greatest extent, precooling is best carried out in the production area, and the faster the better. If precooling is not timely or thorough, it will increase the post harvest loss of products.
The formula is "breeding farm slaughterhouse logistics service provider seller". Both slaughterhouses and sellers use professional refrigeration equipment for meat storage. The hidden danger of the problem is easy to occur in the transportation process, because the control of the refrigeration environment during the transportation is relatively complex. If the environmental temperature is improperly controlled or the transportation cycle is too long, the meat products may rot, Finally, it will cause economic losses and personal injury.
At present, most of the refrigerated goods transportation monitoring processes only record the in transit information of vehicles, and the temperature information can only be checked after arriving at the destination. They can not collect the in transit temperature information of refrigerated goods in real time, and can not effectively feed back the information of vehicles and goods. RFID replaces the traditional bar code, on the one hand, it can grasp the temperature changes in the refrigerated vehicles in real time, Ensure that the goods are fresh and safe when they arrive at the receiving point. On the other hand, RFID tags store a large amount of goods related information. The traditional barcode can only tell the staff what the goods are. RFID tags can let the staff know when and where the goods are produced, delivery standards, precautions and who the consignee is. This can greatly improve work efficiency.
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1. Introduction
RFID is a non-contact automatic identification technology using RF technology. It has the advantages of fast transmission rate, anti-collision, mass reading, movement process reading and so on. Therefore, RFID technology has great application potential in logistics and supply chain management, production management and control, anti-counterfeiting and safety control, traffic management and control and other fields. At present, the working frequency band of RFID technology includes low frequency, high frequency, ultra-high frequency and microwave band, among which high frequency and ultra-high frequency are the most widely used.
2. RFID technology principle
RFID system is mainly composed of reader / writer (target), transponder (RFID tag) and background computer. The reader / writer realizes the data reading, writing and storage of the tag, which is composed of control unit, high-frequency communication module and antenna. The tag is mainly composed of an integrated circuit chip and external antenna. The circuit chip usually includes RF front-end, logic control, memory and other circuits. According to the principle of power supply, tags can be divided into active tags, semi active tags and passive tags. Passive tags are favored because of their low cost and small volume.
The basic working principle of RFID system is: after the tag enters the RF field emitted by the reader / writer, the induced current obtained by the antenna is used as the power supply of the chip through the boost circuit. At the same time, the induced current with information is transformed into a digital signal through the RF front-end circuit and sent to the logic control circuit for processing. The information to be replied is sent from the tag memory and sent back to the RF front-end circuit through the logic control circuit, Finally, it is sent back to the reader through the antenna.
3. Antenna in RFID system
From the principle of RFID technology, the key to the performance of RFID tag lies in the characteristics and performance of RFID tag antenna. The antenna plays a key role in the data communication between the tag and the reader. On the one hand, the chip start-up circuit of the tag starts to work, which needs to obtain enough energy in the electromagnetic field generated by the reader through the antenna; On the other hand, the antenna determines the communication channel and communication mode between the tag and the reader. Therefore, the research of antenna, especially the antenna inside the tag, has become the focus.
3.1 category of RFID system antenna
According to the power supply mode of RFID tag chip, RFID tag antenna can be divided into active antenna and passive antenna. The performance requirements of active antenna are lower than those of passive antenna, but its performance is greatly affected by the battery life: passive antenna can overcome the limitation of active antenna by battery, but it has high requirements for the performance of antenna. At present, the research focus of passive antenna is RFID. According to the working frequency band of RFID system, for RFID system operating in LF and HF segments f (such as 6.78mhz and 13.56MHz), the transmission of electromagnetic energy is completed in the induction field area (quasi stable field), also known as induction coupling system; For the system in UHF section (such as 915MHz and 2400mttz), the transmission of electromagnetic energy is completed in the far-field area (radiation field), also known as microwave radiation system. Due to the different energy generation and transmission modes of the two systems, the corresponding RFID tag antenna and front-end part have their own particularity. Therefore, the tag antenna is divided into near-field induction coil antenna and far-field radiation antenna. The inductive coupling system uses a near-field inductive coil antenna, which is composed of multi turn inductive coils. The inductive coils and their parallel capacitors form a parallel resonant loop to couple the maximum RF energy; The types of far-field radiation antenna used in microwave radiation system are mainly dipole antenna and slot antenna. The far-field radiation antenna is usually resonant and generally takes half wavelength. The shape and size of the antenna determine the frequency range and other properties it can capture. The higher the frequency, the more sensitive the antenna is and the less area it occupies. Higher operating frequency can have smaller label size. Compared with near-field induction antenna, far-field radiation antenna has higher radiation efficiency.
3.2 design requirements of RFID tag antenna
The design requirements of RFID tag antenna mainly include: the physical size of the antenna is small enough to meet the needs of tag miniaturization; Having omnidirectional or hemispherical coverage directionality; A chip with high gain that can provide the largest signal to the label; Good impedance matching. No matter what direction the tag is in, the polarization of the tag antenna can match the signal of the reader / writer; It has tenacity and low cost. When selecting the antenna, we mainly consider: the type of antenna, the impedance of the antenna, the RF performance applied to the item, and the RF performance when other items surround the labeled item.
4. Category and research status of RFID tag antenna
Tag antennas are mainly divided into three categories: coil type, dipole type and slot type (including microstrip patch). Coil antenna is to coil the metal wire into a plane or wind the metal wire on the magnetic core; The dipole antenna consists of two straight wires of the same thickness and equal length arranged in a straight line. The signal is fed from the two ends in the middle, and the length of the antenna determines the frequency range; The slot antenna is composed of grooves cut out from the metal surface. The microstrip patch antenna is composed of a circuit board with a rectangle at the end. The length and width of the rectangle determine the frequency range.
RFID antenna for medium and low frequency short-range application system with identification distance less than 1m generally adopts coil antenna with simple process and low cost; The long-distance application system of high frequency or microwave band above 1i1 needs to adopt dipole and slot antenna.
4.1 coil antenna
When the tag coil antenna enters the alternating magnetic field generated by the reader, the interaction between the tag antenna and the reader antenna is similar to that of a transformer. Their coils are equivalent to the primary coil and secondary coil of the transformer.
The carrier frequency used in the two-way communication between the tag and the reader is that when the shape of the tag antenna coil is required to be very small, that is, the area is small, and a certain working distance is required, Mutual inductance of antenna coil between RFID tag and reader (obviously, it can not meet the actual needs. Ferrite materials with high permeability can be inserted into the tag antenna coil to increase the mutual inductance and compensate for the problem of small coil cross-section). At present, the implementation technology of coil antenna has been very mature and is widely used in RFID systems such as body identification and cargo tags. However, for RFID applications with high frequency, large amount of information and uncertain working distance and direction, wire is adopted The loop antenna is difficult to achieve the corresponding performance index.
4.2 dipole antenna
Dipole antenna has the advantages of good radiation ability, simple structure and high efficiency. It can be designed as an RFID system suitable for omni-directional communication. It is widely used in the design of RFID tag antenna, especially in long-distance RFID system.
The biggest problem of traditional half wave dipole antenna is the influence on the label size, such as 915MHz half wave dipole. The research shows that the terminated, inclined and folded dipole antenna can obtain the required input impedance by selecting appropriate geometric parameters. It has the advantages of high gain, wide frequency coverage and low noise. Its performance is very excellent, and its size is much smaller than that of the traditional half wave dipole antenna. If it is combined with brazed electrical terminals and unbalanced transformer, it can also maximize the gain, impedance matching and bandwidth. It is known that increasing the bending times of the antenna is conducive to reducing the size of the antenna without reducing the efficiency of the antenna. Then, how to "bend" in a limited space? What are the specific parameters of "bending" affecting the resonant frequency and input impedance of the tag antenna? How can the RF efficiency of "bending" be the highest?
We know. Objects with fractal structure generally have the characteristics of proportional self similarity and space filling. When applied to antenna design, multi band characteristics and size reduction characteristics of antenna can be realized. A lot of research work has been done on the antenna with fractal structure at home and abroad, which proves that the antenna with fractal structure has good size reduction characteristics and can greatly improve the antenna network efficiency in a limited space.
Hilbert fractal transform is used for different positions and dimensions of half wave oscillator, and Hilbert tag antenna is simulated by moment method. The simulation results of resonant frequency and input impedance of tag antenna with different fractal dimension and order can be obtained. The antenna gain and efficiency in the results are analyzed to judge which dimension and order of tag antenna best meets the design requirements of actual tag antenna, and the solid antenna is further manufactured, And test the RF recognition distance, which is a common research method.
4.3 slot (including microstrip patch) antenna
Slot antenna has the characteristics of low profile, light weight, simple processing, easy conformal with objects, mass production, diversified electrical performance, broadband and active devices and circuit integration into a unified component. It is suitable for large-scale production and can simplify the production and debugging of the whole machine, so as to greatly reduce the cost.
Microstrip patch antenna is composed of a radiation patch conductor attached to a dielectric substrate with a metal base plate. According to the radiation characteristics of the antenna, the patch conductor can be designed into various shapes. It is widely used in low profile structures with frequencies higher than 100MHz. It is usually composed of a rectangular or square metal patch placed on the surface of a thin layer of dielectric (called substrate) on the grounding plane. The patch can be manufactured by lithography process, which makes it low cost and easy to mass produce.
As mentioned earlier, the bent antenna is conducive to reducing the physical size of the tag antenna and meeting the design requirements of tag miniaturization. For slot antennas, the concept of bending can also be used. In fact, the folded slot antenna is suitable for RFID tags in high-frequency microwave band, which can effectively reduce the size of the antenna and has excellent performance. It has broad market prospects. The research method is similar to the bending dipole antenna. The influence of the number, height, position, width of slot bending and the size of slot antenna flat plate on the resonant characteristics of rectangular antenna is studied by the method of moment.
The plane size of the folded slot antenna is LXW, the bending width and height of the slot are s and h respectively, and the distance between the slot and the center of the feeding point is. The effects of the changes of these parameters on the resonant characteristics, reflection coefficient and antenna efficiency of the slot antenna are discussed below.
Based on the influence of bending parameters on the performance of slot antenna, the slot antenna for UHF RFID tag can be designed according to the actual needs, and the specific physical antenna can be made. It can be predicted that the folded slot antenna will be a promising development direction in the field of UHF tag antenna design.
5. Hot issues of RFID tag antenna
In the design of RFID tag antenna, in addition to the problem of reducing physical size, which has always been paid great attention to, further improve the bandwidth and gain characteristics of miniaturized antenna to expand its practical application range, and analyze the cross polarization characteristics of miniaturized antenna to clarify its polarization purity is also an important research direction. In addition, the design of composite antenna covering various frequencies and the optimal distribution technology of multi tag antenna, Reader / writer smart beam scanning antenna array technology, design simulation software and platform, tag antenna and attachment medium matching technology, consistency, anti-interference, safety and reliability technology are all worthy of further research.
Among them, on-chip antenna technology is a hot issue in recent research. With the continuous expansion of the application field of RFID technology, the requirements of passive RFID tags for miniaturization, lightweight, multi-function, low power consumption and low cost are also increasing. However, at present, passive RFID tags still use off-chip independent antenna, which has the advantages of high Q (quality factor) value, easy manufacture and moderate cost. The disadvantage is that it is large and easy to break, and it is not competent for anti-counterfeiting or implanting into animals in the form of biological labels. If the antenna can be integrated on the label chip, it can work without any external devices, which will make the whole label smaller and more convenient to use, which leads to the research of on-chip antenna technology.
Integrating the antenna into the chip not only simplifies the original label production process, reduces the cost, but also improves the reliability. As an energy receiver and signal sensor, on-chip antenna determines the performance of the whole system. Its basic starting point is to use Faraday electromagnetic induction principle. The external magnetic field energy is transformed into the on-chip power supply voltage as the working power supply of the whole chip. At the same time, the on-chip current or voltage change caused by the change of electromagnetic field is used to identify the received signal. The signal is transmitted to the receiving end by changing the external magnetic field caused by its own output impedance. So far, the silicon-based integrated spiral inductor is still the main structure of the on-chip antenna realized in the standard CMOS process.
In addition to the internal design of passive RFID tags, research in fields such as RFID smart table antenna has also attracted more and more attention.
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With the speedy improvement of passive RFID era, the software variety of Electronic tag makes it have unique marketplace competitiveness as compared with different comparable products, however it is simple to be tormented by outside elements beneathneath unique circumstances.
Influencing thing 1: Metal Substances
For an extended time, RFID stock control mode has simplest helped the ones organizations that are "clean to apply RFID", however became away the ones businesses whose stock is on the whole metallic objects. That is due to the fact the metallic will even purpose extra parasitic capacitance (i.e. power loss because of electromagnetic "friction" because of the metallic), ensuing withinside the detuning of RFID UHF reader and digital tag antenna and unfavourable the overall performance of the gadget.
Finally, the power meditated with the aid of using the metallic will shape interference between passive RFID tag and RFID UHF reader. Therefore, the software of RFID era withinside the surroundings with greater metallic substances will significantly lessen the real RFID studying and writing rate, studying and writing distance and reliability, that's some distance decrease than the outcomes of trial withinside the laboratory surroundings. Of course, interference also can be conquer in affordable gadget layout and operation.
Recently, with the speedy improvement of passive RFID era, the RFID feature of embedded RFID digital tag withinside the manufacturing degree makes it have unique marketplace competitiveness as compared with different comparable products.
Some programs of embedded RFID anti metallic tag
The army and regulation enforcement organizations need to correctly calculate the wide variety of guns in stock. There are many functions to understand the stock of weapons in actual time, certainly considered one among that's to make certain that employees have the proper gadget, and the alternative is to understand the stock at any time (objects are out of place or stolen). When the gadget desires everyday preservation, every report need to be saved, which includes the preservation system that need to be carried out, the finished preservation system, etc.
Managers can music and manipulate RFID embedded guns in actual time and independently. It can't simplest realize the wide variety of guns despatched for repair, however additionally realize the stock surplus in actual time to make certain whether or not any guns are misplaced. This facts can save you needless orders. More importantly, as soon as the guns are observed missing, the control agency can begin the hunt movement at the primary time.
Some huge businesses want to regularly hire or buy capital gadget, along with laptops, wi-fi routers and different it associated objects. With the assist of RFID get right of entry to manipulate and carts with RFID feature, they could report the adjustments withinside the wide variety of belongings each area in actual time. This actual-time facts visibility additionally displays the enterprise`s actual-time go back on investment, and adjustments the organisation's stock control unit time from days to hours.
Common equipment, starting from hammers, screwdrivers, measuring tapes to huge gadget along with generators, electric powered drills and cranes, are normally leased to production businesses after the organisation purchases those gadget, with the undertaking of the development organisation as a rent term. Therefore, the stock facts of gadget leasing businesses may be very important. This facts will extrade randomly and be broadly distributed, which makes stock counting a prime project. The lack of huge gadget will convey commercial enterprise losses to the organisation. Although the rate of small equipment isn't always very expensive, if they're misplaced or stolen, they'll additionally generate company liabilities.
Influencing thing 2: Liquid
RFID alerts in UHF band will now no longer simplest be meditated with the aid of using metallic, however additionally be absorbed with the aid of using water.
For example, our human frame is an wonderful barrier for RFID RF alerts, due to the fact we've got a variety of salt water in our frame. The interference from metallic additionally disturbs the RFID RF signal, which has emerge as a prime project for RFID deliver chain control, particularly withinside the working surroundings with greater metallic and liquid components.
RFID RF reader antenna has the feature of soaking up RFID power, and metallic will purpose eddy contemporary round RFID tag reader, which reduces the general performance of RFID electromagnetic field. These vortices additionally purpose their very own magnetic fields perpendicular to the metallic surface, so one can make the reader / author location effective.
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In the era of rapid development of science and technology, bar code and QR code have become common things in daily life. Recently, the emergence of new species of unmanned convenience stores has pushed item intelligent identification and RFID technology to the forefront. Kong Hongliang, director of the application and Promotion Department of China article coding center, said that at present, bar code occupies an absolute advantage. Intelligent identification and RFID technology can not shake the status of bar code in a short time. Kong Hongliang, director of application and Promotion Department of China article coding Center "Weakness" of RFID and intelligent identification RFID technology is more and more widely used in some retail scenes, such as decathlon, Inman and other clothing stores. At the supply chain end, RFID can also solve the problem of high efficiency and transparency, and the growth rate of RFID is very obvious. However, RFID chips also have weaknesses. First, the cost is relatively high, 0.2-0.4 yuan per chip, which is not conducive to large-scale promotion. Second, technically, liquids and metals still interfere with RFID. AI visual recognition technology has been mentioned a lot in the scene of unmanned convenience stores. For example, Google, Jane 24 and Shenlan technology all use visual recognition technology to help customers purchase and settle accounts. However, Kong Hongliang pointed out that at present, it only meets the needs of "cool", the use cost is higher, and there are not many applications of visual recognition technology in logistics and production scenes. In addition, the proportion of unmanned convenience stores in the overall business is very low, which is a relatively small scene. China article coding Center The bar code cannot be shaken temporarily "Now bar code is still in the leading position in the whole industrial chain." Kong Hongliang analyzed that the main reason is the cost advantage. We can see bar codes in most goods, because bar codes are printed in batch, with almost zero cost. RFID and intelligent identification have brought people a sense of crisis. People feel that new technologies will be iterated immediately and old technologies will be eliminated. Kong Hongliang believes that it is unrealistic in the short term. Different consumer groups have different service scenarios. For example, the emergence and rapid development of new media, but newspapers and other traditional media still exist. The price advantage of bar code is still obvious. At least in the short term, we don't see other technologies that can quickly replace bar codes. "After desperately expanding, e-commerce enterprises gradually realize the importance of data management, and the standardization of data is inseparable from this unified coding." Kong Hongliang said. It is understood that Alibaba, jd.com, eBay, Baidu, 360, etc. have cooperated with the coding center to jointly promote the standardized management of e-commerce products.
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